Historical Context:

1. -1700: Population estimates::
   

    ..World - 600 million

    ..Europe - 86 million

    ..Netherlands - 1.8 million

- 1700: English Life Expectancy approx 36 years

1. -1702: Willem of Orange (William III) dies in England
   

2. -1713: Treaty (and Peace) of Utrecht is signed among Spain, France, England, Portugal, Savoy and United Provinces of Netherlands
   

    ..Maritime provinces (of Canada), including Acadia (now Nova Scotia) from France to England. Acadian removal to Louisiana.

1. -1713: Junipero Serra (Spanish missionary and “father of California”) is born in  Mallorca
   

2. -1717: Handel’s “Water Music” is played (for the first time) for George I
   

3. -1741: Anders Celsius introduces the Centigrade temperature scale
   

4. -1736: John Harrison develops the Marine Chronometer
   

5. -1741: Anders Celsius introduces the Centigrade temperature scale
   

6. -1742: Premiere performance of Handel’s Messiah in Dublin Ireland
   

Noordwijk

(ca. 1693)