Historical Context:

-

- 1890: Wilhelmina enthroned as Queen of The Netherlands and reigns for 58 years through 1948.

- 1901: Marconi send the first wireless transAtlantic message from England to Newfoundland

- 1903: Henry Ford launches the Ford Motor Company

- 1903: Wright Brothers first flight

- 1914: Germany declares war on France. First World War begins and Netherlands remains neutral.

- 1917: Russian Revolution

1. -1918 (to 1920): “Spanish flu” (influenza) sweeps the world killing between 50 and 100 million people.
   

2. -1901: Marconi sends the first wireless transAtlantic message from England to Newfoundland
   

3. -October 1919: KLM (Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij) is formed
   

4. -1921/22: Noordwijk Vuurtoren is constructed
   

5. -1932: Zuider Zee Project commences
   

6. -1933: Hitler appointed as Chancellor of Germany
   

7. -1939: Dutch government opens Westerbork as a refugee camp
   

8. - 1939 (September):
   

    Nazi Germany invades Poland

    World War II commences.

    Netherlands declares neutrality

    England and Canada declare war on Nazi Germany

1. -1940 (May):
   

    Germany invades Netherlands

    Germany severely bombs Rotterdam

    Netherlands surrenders and becomes occupied territory

    Queen Wilhelmina evacuates to England establishes government in exile

- 1940: Princess Juliana in exile in Ottawa

- 1941 (January): Princess Margriet is born in Ottawa Canada

1. -1941 (December):
   

    Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor

    USA enters WWII

- 1942: Nazis convert Westerbork refugee camp into a deportation camp.

Irene Blass-Plug (wife of Jan Plug and sister-in-law of Pieter Plug) and Anne Frank were  both interned in Westerbork before being send to their deaths in Auschwitz and Bergen Belsen respectively.- 1942: Construction of the “Atlantic Wall” begins in Noordwijk

- 1944:Nazis commence V-1 rocket attacks on London from Noordwijk area

- 1944 (Jime) : D-Day invasion by Allied Forces

1. -1945:
   

    May:

    NL is liberated by Canadian forces.

    VE Day (Victory in Europe)

    August: VJ Day (Victory in Japan)

1. - 1948 (September): Queen Wilhelmina abdicates the Dutch throne in favour of her daughter Queen Juliana
   

2. -1949: Mao Zedong establishes the People’s Republic of China
   

3. -1969: First Man on the Moon